I had this same issue, and none of the suggestions worked for me except I noticed that Windows Update service had a hardware profile called "Unblocked Profile" enabled on the Log On tab, and I disabled it and now Windows Update works.
I had this same issue, and none of the suggestions worked for me except I noticed that Windows Update service had a hardware profile called "Unblocked Profile" enabled on the Log On tab, and I disabled it and now Windows Update works.