Recent research suggests that auditory cues from calling anurans (frog and toads) may also play a role in orientation and navigation in newts. In a study on the palmate newt, individuals were able to orient towards breeding ponds based on the calls of the sympatric common toad (Bufo bufo), but not common frog (Rana temporaria). In addition, research on the great crested newt also indicates that adults are able to navigate using calls of the common toad but not the common frog, which is probably due to the non-overlapping breeding season of the common frog with great crested newts. Individuals also appear to avoid white noise and the ability to distinguish between the calls of different anurans may be learned.