In 2017, the Department of Justice argued in one court case that Trump's tweets were "official statements of the President of the United States."[82] In another case, the DOJ argued they were official policy statements but that the tweets were also "personal conduct that is not an exercise of state power."[82] The ABA Journal wrote in 2017, "There's little caselaw on to what extent government use of social media can be considered official or a 'public forum,' which affords First Amendment protection to people who might be excluded based on their viewpoints."[82]