Major grape varieties are Shiraz, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon,[20] Merlot, Chardonnay,[20] Sauvignon blanc, Smillon, and Riesling. The country has no native grapes, and Vitis vinifera varieties were introduced from Europe and South Africa in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Some varieties have been bred by Australian viticulturists, for example Cienna and Tarrango. The most widely cultivated grape variety in Australia is Shiraz.[21]