Three sets of Plaintiffs, North Slope Borough (NSB), the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), and the Village of Kaktovik (VOK) brought suit against then Secretary of Interior Cecil D. Andrus, et al., alleging certain violations of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq., the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), 43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq., the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., the Federal Trust Responsibility (FTR) to the Inupiat Indians, and various other environmental statutes.[1] These alleged violations resulted from a proposed (and now consummated) OCSLA lease sale, in the Beaufort Sea, off the *963 North Slope of Alaska. Subsequent to the filing of the complaint, the Court permitted the intervention of the Atlantic Richfield Co., and other potential lessees, and permitted the State of Alaska to participate as amicus. The intervenors and the State of Alaska assumed the posture of defendants in this litigation.