Linux has a program sshfs (ssh file system) which allows you to mount a remote directory tree via ssh, and then the mounted files act just like they were local files on your workstation, and you can run vscode on your workstation using the sshfs mounted filesystem as the workspace. sshfs has a user/group map file you can use to properly map the user account from your workstation to the user/group account on the server, so files you edit/create end up with the proper file ownership on the server.